This is a broad historical and geographical survey of Indigenous cultures in what is now Latin America, from the United States to Tierra del Fuego, and from the conquest to the present. We will study a range of sources from chronicles to visual art, legal documents to anthropology, novels to oral history, as well as the gaps or cracks in those sources. Parallels and connections will be drawn with the experience of Indigenous nations in Canada. And we will critically examine concepts such as transculturation and mestizaje, subalternity and decolonization.